How is KÜPST calculated? Calculate the plan deviation charge for one hour
Enter the plan and actual value for one hour of your plant, storage facility or consumer portfolio, with PTF and SMF. We calculate the charge for deviation from the final daily generation programme (KÜPST) by unit type, in TL and as a share of gross revenue, with the coefficients of EPDK decision 14907 that apply from 1 November 2026.
Your deviation exceeded the tolerance by 3.50 MWh. Each MWh above it costs 3,400.00 TL/MWh × 0.05 = 170.00 TL.
How KÜPST is calculated, who pays which rate and what else to watch
In the electricity market, every settlement unit (UEVÇB) notifies a day in advance what it will generate or consume in each hour of the next day. This notification is the final daily generation/consumption programme (KGÜP). If the actual value deviates from the plan beyond a tolerance band, a second charge arises on top of energy imbalance: KÜPST.
EPDK renewed the KÜPST coefficients with decision 14907 and widened the scope from 1 November 2026. This page explains with examples how KÜPST is calculated, which coefficients apply to each licence and facility type, how the coefficients have changed over the years and which other EPDK limits should be watched alongside KÜPST.
What is KÜPST
KÜPST is the “charge for deviation from the final daily generation/consumption programme” set out in article 110 of the Balancing and Settlement Regulation (DUY). Its purpose is to make plans realistic: the system operator takes balancing decisions on the basis of these plans, and large deviations raise the cost of balancing the system.
KÜPST is separate from the energy imbalance amount and does not replace it. Both can arise in the same hour. The KÜPST collected enters the calculation of the zero-balance adjustment amount.
With the DUY amendment of 19 October 2026, notifying a KGÜP became an obligation for every settlement unit, including consumption and storage, not just generation. The programme is notified per settlement period by 15:30 every day and can be updated until half an hour after the intraday market closes. Participants that habitually fail to notify a KGÜP are reported to EPDK for sanctions.
Formula
BUDÜP = KUDÜP + ΣYAL − ΣYAT + SRDM + SFHM
UDÜPS = |(UEVM − UEÇM) − BUDÜP|
KÜPSM = UDÜPS − m × BUDÜP (if UDÜPS > m × BUDÜP; otherwise 0)
KÜPST = KÜPSM × max(PTF, SMF) × n
The calculation has four steps. First the expected net plan (BUDÜP) is found by adding and deducting the instructions issued in that hour to KUDÜP. The actual net value (injection minus withdrawal) is then compared with this plan. The part of the deviation above m times the plan is KÜPSM. KÜPSM is multiplied by the higher of PTF and SMF and by the coefficient n.
Under decision 14907 the deviation is now calculated net. Under the previous decision it used injection only, so withdrawal by a charging battery or a plant’s own consumption could look like a deviation. For unlicensed plants the calculation uses the generation quantity only.
Coefficients
The outage count is the number of outages entered per settlement unit in the billing period. The consumption coefficients apply from 1 January 2027. Source: EPDK Board Decision 14907, arts. 2 and 3, provisional art. 1.
Special rules in the decision can change the calculation. Plants with several sources use the main source’s tolerance. The storage coefficients apply only to units built under article 7(11) of the Law; where a storage unit is integrated into an existing plant, the main source’s tolerance still applies. Transmission-connected facilities under paragraphs (ç), (d) and (e) of article 5(1) of the Unlicensed Generation Regulation are outside the decision’s scope.
Application by licence type
A supply licence holder that only trades and has no consumer portfolio has no consumption unit, so no KÜPST arises. For plants in an aggregator’s portfolio that are not balancing units, the calculation is made on the group’s settlement unit where a group has been formed. Without a group, a licensed plant is calculated on its own, a transmission-connected unlicensed plant per plant, and distribution-connected unlicensed plants on the market participant settlement unit the aggregator creates for the balancing market. A plant can join an aggregator portfolio only after at least one unit has passed Ministry acceptance and its settlement unit records are complete on the transfer date (DUY 32/C).
How the coefficients changed
Tolerance for wind and solar has changed four times since 2020. The band widened in 2023 and narrowed again in 2025 and 2026; the price coefficient rose from 0.03 to 0.05 on 1 January 2026. Decision 14907 left the wind and solar values unchanged and widened the scope.
Examples
The five examples below show how the same formula plays out for different units. The first is the calculator’s default scenario.
Illustrative calculation. The price is the higher of PTF and SMF; no instructions or frequency adjustments. In the aggregator example the tolerance is (0.15 × 60 + 0.08 × 40) / 100 = 12.2%.
KÜPST grows linearly with price. The same 2.8 MWh deviation costs 70 TL at midday with PTF at 500 TL/MWh and 490 TL in the evening at 3,500 TL/MWh. Midday solar deviations are therefore cheap in KÜPST terms, and evening wind deviations expensive.
KÜPST looks small next to imbalance, but it grows fast for a unit that fails to notify its plan or keeps entering outages.
For comparison: the 8 MWh shortfall of the wind farm in the first example settles at 3,400 × 1.06 = 3,604 TL/MWh when the system is short, an imbalance cost of 8 × 604 = 4,832 TL against PTF. The KÜPST for the same hour is 595 TL, roughly one eighth of the imbalance. In a month with 30 or more outage entries the ratio rises to one fifth.
Other limits to watch
KÜPST is only one of the EPDK limits that price plan compliance and balancing. The October 2026 package added new ones; when calculating the plan deviation cost of a plant or portfolio, the following should be considered together.
The instruction report excludes instructions shorter than 15 minutes and settlement units with 10 or fewer instructions a month or less than 500 MWh of instructed energy a month.
What these limits share is plan discipline. Notifying a realistic KGÜP, updating it until the intraday market closes and entering outages correctly limit KÜPST, imbalance and YEKDEM losses at the same time.
How to reduce KÜPST
For investors
KÜPST is usually invisible in feasibility models. On its own that is reasonable: for a wind farm it is typically a small fraction of the imbalance cost. But it grows in two situations: in portfolios with weak plan notification discipline and in months when the outage count crosses the threshold.
The real change is the scope. From November 2026 distribution-connected unlicensed plants and standalone storage, and from January 2027 suppliers’ consumer portfolios, come under KÜPST. Plan quality is now a cost item not only for generators but also for suppliers and storage investors.
At Frekans we notify the KGÜP every day with the forecast for the plants we manage and our aggregation portfolio, update it in the intraday market and track KÜPST together with imbalance. With your plant’s or consumer portfolio’s hourly data we can work out your real KÜPST cost together.
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